What do safe driving, healthy eating, and understanding someone else’s perspective all have in common? They are all underscored by attentional control. The need for attentional control in our everyday lives is ubiquitous, and individual differences in it have implications for our health, safety, and relationships. Failures of attentional control are implicated in increased crash risk while driving, and missing targets in safety-critical visual search tasks such as diagnostic medical imaging and airport baggage security screening. But the utility of attentional control is not limited to these traditional cognitive domains. Instead, good attentional control helps people to regulate their emotions and impulses, understand others better, and make more thoughtful decisions. In this project, we seek to develop new and innovative ways of measuring attentional control, to understand how attentional control scaffolds these adaptive outcomes, and therefore how to design interventions to improve the health and well-being of all individuals.